DIABETES MELLITUS ITS TYPE AND ITS HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINE
Diabetes Mellitus is a most common 'Endocrine disease'
It is a metabolic syndrome.
DM characterized by hyperglycemia, due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency.
It is a clinical syndrome characterized by mainly-
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
This alter metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, protein.
Long term complications involving - eye, kidney, nerves, blood vessels.
Prevalence
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus increasing sharply in developing countries because of more sedantary lifestyle.
India and China have largest prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
Classification
Diabetes Mellitus is classified into 2 groups
Primary
Secondary
Primary Diabetes Mellitus
It is subdivided into two types.
Type1
Type 2
Type 1
It is Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
These are called as "Juvenile type of diabetes mellitus
Absolute deficiency of insulin
Destruction of beta cells
Age <40 years
It is associated with any other autoimmune disease.
Hereditary - HLA-DR3
DR4>90%
Sex - common in men
Family history - absent
Onset - sudden
Built - usually thin built
Metabolic decompensation- Acute metabolic decompensation leads to sudden death.
Clinical Feature- Marked Emaciation
Ketoacidosis- Prone
Hyperosmolar coma- less,Nil
Duration of symptoms- Days or week
Type 2
Non Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
These are called as maturity onset type of diabetes mellitus.
Partial or relative, Resistance Deficiency of insulin.
Impaired insulin secretion
Increased glucose production
It is due to several genetic and metabolic syndrome.
Age - >40
Hereditary- no HLA connection
sex- common in women
Family History- present
It is associated with obesity and activity
Complication
Slowly resulting irreversible disability
Death gradually
Built- usually obese
Metabolic decompensation- Chronic Metabolic Decompensation
Clinically - Marked obese
Hyperosmolar coma - may be less or more
Treatment - Oral hypoglycemic drugs
Rarely insulin
Duration- month or years
Secondary Diabetes Mellitus
It is other specific type of diabetes.
These is due to damage and disease of pancreas by another disease factor.
Diabetes due to genetic defect
Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Muscular dystrophy
Pancreatic disease
Chronic pancreatitis
Cancer of pancreas
Drug Induced
Thiazide diuretic
Steroids
Contraceptive pills
Gastational diabetes
Non pancreatic endocrine disorder
Endocrinopathy
Acromegaly
Cushing syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Clinical Feature of Type 1st Diabetes Mellitus
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Weight loss
In severe case - ketoacidosis
Plasma insulin is low
C peptide level is low
Glycogen level is raised
Clinical Feature of Type 2nd Diabetes Mellitus
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Unexplained weakness
Obese individual
Hypoglycemic
Glycosuria
Ketoacidosis in infrequent, mild
Insulin level in plasma- normal to high
Glucagon level raised but resistance to insulin.
Diagnosis
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Fasting plasma glucose- 110-126 mg/dl
Random plasma glucose- 140- 198 mg/dl
Patient complaints of symptom suggesting diabetes
Test urine for Glucose and ketone
Fasting plasma glucose- 126mg/dl
Random plasma glucose- 200mg/dl
Preparation before the diet
Unrestricted carbohydrates diet for 3days
Fasting over night for at least 8 hours
Rest for 30min
Remain steated for duration of test, with no smoking
Sampling
Plasma glucose is measured before and 2 hours after a 75gm oral glucose drink.
Interpretation ( venous plasma glucose)
Fasting hyperglycemia
Fasting- 110-125mg/dl
2hours after Glucose level <140mg/dl
Impaired glucose tolerance
Fasting<126mg/dl
2hours after 140-198mg/dl
Diabetes
Fasting>126mg/dl
2hours after Glucose level>200mg/dl.
Complications
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hperglycemic hyperosmolar state
Hypoglycemia
Lactic acidosis
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Atherosclerosis
MI
Stroke
Cataract
Coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Management of diabetes
Regular physical activity
Observing a healthy diet
Reducing a alcohol consumption
Improving glycaemic control
Nutritional advice
Weight management
Antidiabetic drrug- Metformin, Thiazolidinediones
Insulin
Alpha glucosidase Inhibitors
Homoeopathic medicine for Diabetes Mellitus
- Acidum phosphoricum
- Aceticum Acidum
- Syzygium Jambolanum
- Helonias Dioica
Acidum phosphoricum
It is highly effective medicine for Diabetes Mellitus.
Frequent, profuse, watery, Milky.
Micturition, preceded by anxiety and followed by burning.
Frequent urination at night.
The common acid debility is very marked in this remedy, producing a nervous exhaustion.
Aceticum Acidum
Aceticum Acidum is very important remedy for Diabetes Mellitus.
Large quantities of pale urine.
Diabetes with great thirst.
Debility is very marked symptom of this medicine.
Profuse urination and sweat.
Especially indicated in pale, lean person, with lax flabby muscles.
Great wasting.
Aceticum Acidum has the power to liquefy albuminous and fibrinous deposits.
Syzygium Jambolanum
Jambol seeds- Enlexing, active principal.,
Syzygium Jambolanum has an immediate effect of increasing the blood sugar, blood sugar, glycosuria results.
There is a great emaciation.
A most useful medicine in diabetes mellitus.
No other remedy cause in so marked degree of diminution and disappearance of sugar in urine.
Great thirst.
Weakness
Diabetic ulceration
Very large amount of urine, specific gravity is high.
Old ulcer of skin.
The seeds powdered, ten grains three times a day, also the mother tincture.
Helonias Dioica
Helonias is very useful medicine for Diabetes Mellitus and insipidus.
Urine is albuminous, phosphatic, profuse and clear, saccharine.
Feet feels numb when sitting in case of diabetes.
Sensation of weakness.
Light colour urine.
Weight, languor, weight in the region of kidney.
Dull ache and heat in region of the kidney.
Worse from fatigue, motion.
Dose- Tincture, to sixth attenuation.
The selection of homoeopathic remedies based on symptom similarities and doses according to the Susceptibility of patient.
Don't take homoeopathic medicine without any prescription / without any advise of physician.
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