About Clubbing
It is defined as a 'selective bulbous enlargement of digital segment of a digital' (finger and toes) due to an increase in connective tissue especially on the dorsal aspect.
Resulting-loss of the onycho-nychial digit.
Loss of normal angle between the base of nail and nail fold is observed.
Grade of clubbing
Grade 1- increase fluctuation and softening of nail bed.
Grade2- loss of normal less than 165 onycho-dermal angle between nail bed and nail fold.
Grade3- Thickening of the whole distal finger.
Grade4- Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Pain and tenderness at distal end of long bone.
Cause
Respiratory cause
Bronchiogenic carcinoma
Bronchiectasis
Lung abscess
Emphysema
TB (long standing)
Pulmonary AV fistula
Lung disease
Cardiac cause
Infective endocarditis
Congenital heart
Alimentary cause
IBD( ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease)
Cirrhosis of liver
Hepatoma
Miscellaneous
Hereditary, idiopathic
Thyrotoxicosis
Acromegaly
Repeated trauma
Examination
Fluctuation test
Lovibond's profile sign
Curth'modified profile sign
Schamroth's window test
Clubbing can be assessed by asking the patient to place the dorsal of 4th finger of the opposite hand in opposition.
Normally, an open diamond shaped window is visible between oppositional nail due to presence of Lovibond's angle.
Obliteration of the area indicates the presence of clubbing.
This is known as schamroth's sign.
The selection of homoeopathic remedies based on symptom similarities and doses according to the Susceptibility of patient.
Don't take homoeopathic medicine without any prescription / without any advise of physician.
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